The Science Behind Air Conditioning: How It Works to Keep You Comfortable

Posted On Monday, 30 October 2023 12:42

When it’s hot outside, the air conditioner provides us with comfort by reducing the indoor temperature. It is hard to imagine a life without air conditioners. They are truly remarkable inventions. There are several components of the air conditioners that make it possible for the device to cool the air.  Let us explore the science behind air conditioning and how it keeps us comfortable.

Basics of Cooling

Air conditioners remove the heat from indoor spaces using the physical law of phase conversion. When the liquid changes phase to gas form, it absorbs heat. The air conditioning cycle is designed to absorb heat from the indoors and dissipate it outdoors using changes in the phase of the refrigerant. Generally, there are two units of air conditioners - an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. The indoor unit is on the cold side of the system as it absorbs heat. The outdoor unit, or the hot side of the system releases the heat to the surroundings. 

Cooling Power of Refrigerant 

The refrigerant is one of the most important components of the air conditioner and of the refrigeration cycle. It’s a special type of compound that can easily change its state or phase and is optimized for the heat transfer process. The refrigerant doesn’t produce cold air, in fact, it absorbs the heat in the air and sends it outside. The second law of thermodynamics states that heat naturally flows toward the cold. 

The Refrigeration Cycle 

The science behind how air conditioners work can be understood through the refrigeration cycle. This cycle involves four main stages - compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The refrigerant is compressed, raising its temperature, before it gets sent to the condenser coils, where it releases the heat to the surroundings. The refrigerant turns into a high-pressure liquid and is sent through an evaporator valve where it goes through rapid expansion and cooling. 

Finally, the refrigerant reaches the evaporator coils, where it absorbs heat from the indoor air and goes into a state of low-pressure gas. This refrigeration cycle repeats as long as the air conditioner has not reached its desired temperature settings. If your AC is not working as expected, consider getting an inspection to check if AC repairs are needed. 

Humidity Control 

Air conditioners not only decrease the temperature in indoor spaces, but they also help with humidity control. The excess moisture in the air can make you feel uncomfortable as it becomes more difficult for your body to dissipate heat. The refrigeration cycle removes moisture from the air to provide relief during humid summer days. 

Air Filter 

While the air filter might not be part of the refrigeration cycle, it does play a key role in the air conditioner's performance. The air filter helps clean the indoor air from airborne contaminants such as minuscule allergens that can flow through the ductwork. For optimal performance of the air filter, it needs to be regularly cleaned. If there is damage, it might require a replacement service.

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